How Heat Helps Bees Survive Winter: A Study on Hive Materials and Thermal Shielding
In December, when peace and frost prevail outside, the beehive only appears dormant. In reality, a continuous, quiet commotion is taking place inside. Bees cluster into a tight ball, vibrating their wings and muscles to maintain heat at the centre of the colony. At the core of the bee cluster, temperatures often reach 20–30 °C, which protects the queen. This is one of nature's most sophisticated thermoregulation mechanisms. However, it is also very fragile. On winter days, when temperatures fluctuate rapidly, humidity spikes, or the outside frost penetrates too deeply, even a strong colony may...